How to treat an insect bite

Insect bites are common and usually cause only minor redness, itching, and swelling. Most can be managed at home with simple steps. However, some bites can become infected or trigger a severe allergic reaction, so it is important to know what to do and when to seek help.

What to do first

1. Move away from the area to avoid further bites. If a stinger is visible, gently remove it by scraping with a fingernail or a card. Do not squeeze it.
2. Wash the bite with soap and water, then pat dry. This helps prevent infection.
3. Apply a cool compress (a cloth dampened with cold water or wrapped ice) for 10-20 minutes to reduce swelling and itching.
4. Elevate the area if it is swollen and you can do so comfortably.
5. Avoid scratching to keep the skin intact. Scratching can lead to infection.

Relieving itching and swelling

Over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion can help soothe itching. An oral antihistamine may reduce itching and swelling, but check with a pharmacist or doctor before use, especially for children or if you have other health conditions. Follow the product instructions and never give medication to children without professional advice.

What NOT to do

• Do not scratch the bite, as this can break the skin and cause infection.
• Do not squeeze a stinger or the bite site.
• Do not apply ice directly to the skin; wrap it in a cloth first.
• Do not use home remedies that can irritate the skin, such as strong chemicals or undiluted essential oils.

When to call for help

Call emergency services immediately if you or someone else has signs of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), such as difficulty breathing, wheezing, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, dizziness, fainting, or a rapid heartbeat. Use an epinephrine auto-injector if one is available and you have been prescribed one, then call for emergency help.

Seek medical advice if:

• The bite becomes increasingly painful, red, warm, or swollen.
• There is pus or a red streak spreading from the bite.
• You develop a fever or feel unwell.
• The bite does not improve after a few days.
• You are bitten around the eyes, mouth, or throat, or have many bites.
• You have a weakened immune system or other chronic health conditions.

What to monitor

Keep an eye on the bite for the next few days. Normal reactions include redness, itching, and mild swelling that peak within 24-48 hours and then improve. Watch for increasing redness, pain, or swelling, or the appearance of pus, which could indicate infection. Also monitor for any signs of an allergic reaction, especially within the first hour after a bite.

How to prevent insect bites

• Use insect repellent according to the product instructions.
• Wear long sleeves and pants when outdoors in areas with many insects.
• Avoid wearing strong perfumes or bright colors that may attract insects.
• Keep food and drinks covered when eating outdoors.
• Use screens on windows and doors, and remove standing water near your home to reduce mosquito breeding.

Most insect bites heal without problems. If you are unsure or the bite is getting worse, contact a healthcare professional. This is general information and not a substitute for professional medical advice. In an emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.