Earthquake strikes while you are indoors: what to do?

Earthquakes strike without warning. If you are indoors when the ground starts shaking, your immediate actions can mean the difference between safety and serious injury. The following guidance is based on recommendations from leading emergency organizations.

What is happening

An earthquake is a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, causing seismic waves that shake the ground. Indoors, the greatest risks are falling objects, toppling furniture, and breaking glass. Most injuries occur when people try to move during the shaking or are hit by unsecured items.

Emergency warning

If you are in immediate danger or someone is injured, call your local emergency services right away. In many countries, the number is 911, 112, or 999. Do not delay emergency calls for anything else.

What to do first: Drop, Cover, and Hold On

1. Drop to your hands and knees before the shaking knocks you down. This position lets you stay low and move if needed.
2. Cover your head and neck with one arm and, if possible, get under a sturdy desk or table. If no shelter is nearby, crouch against an interior wall and cover your head with both arms.
3. Hold on to your shelter (or your head and neck) until the shaking stops. Be prepared for aftershocks.

What NOT to do

• Do not run outside during the shaking. Most injuries happen when people try to move and are hit by falling debris or collapse.
• Do not stand in a doorway. This is a myth; doorways are not safer and may be less stable than a sturdy table.
• Do not use elevators. They may stop or malfunction.
• Do not light matches or use lighters. There may be a gas leak.
• Do not touch downed power lines or damaged electrical equipment.

After the shaking stops

1. Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid if trained and it is safe to do so.
2. Put on sturdy shoes to protect your feet from broken glass and debris.
3. Evacuate the building calmly using stairs, not elevators. Watch for falling objects, cracks, and structural damage.
4. Once outside, move to an open area away from buildings, trees, and power lines.
5. If you are trapped, try to attract attention by tapping on a pipe or wall, or by whistling. Avoid shouting to prevent inhaling dust.
6. Expect aftershocks. Drop, Cover, and Hold On each time you feel one.
7. If you smell gas or see damage to electrical wiring, leave immediately and notify authorities from a safe distance.

When to call for help

Call emergency services if anyone is seriously injured, trapped, or if there is a fire, gas leak, or structural collapse. Do not enter damaged buildings until authorities declare them safe.

How to prepare (before an earthquake)

• Secure heavy furniture, shelves, and appliances to walls.
• Store heavy items on lower shelves.
• Identify safe spots in each room (under sturdy tables or against interior walls).
• Practice Drop, Cover, and Hold On with your household.
• Keep a flashlight, sturdy shoes, and a first-aid kit accessible.

Remember: during an earthquake indoors, your best protection is to drop, cover, and hold on. Stay calm, protect your head, and wait for the shaking to stop before moving to safety.

This is general information and not a substitute for professional emergency advice. In an emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.